See ciemnota on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "ciemny<id:dark>",
"4": "-ota<id:nominal>",
"id": "backwardness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Indo-European *-otéh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ota\nPolish -ota\nPolish ciemnota",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciemny",
"3": "-ota"
},
"expansion": "ciemny + -ota",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Indo-European *-otéh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ota\nPolish -ota\nPolish ciemnota\nFrom ciemny + -ota.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnota",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnocie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnocie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ciemnota f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧no‧ta"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciem‧no‧ta"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciemno",
"2": "t"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"backwardness, lack of education"
],
"id": "en-ciemnota-pl-noun-AWyr4Ypt",
"links": [
[
"backwardness",
"backwardness"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"education",
"education"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zacofanie"
},
{
"word": "niedouczenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 67 0 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"uneducated, backward people"
],
"id": "en-ciemnota-pl-noun-aTeQFcYk",
"links": [
[
"uneducated",
"uneducated"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) uneducated, backward people"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 76 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "pl:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, dark (complete or partial absence of light)"
],
"id": "en-ciemnota-pl-noun-yDYVsjVb",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"word": "mrok"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Lublin Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 8 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 4 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 6 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 7 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 15 10 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 10 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 8 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ota",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 29 7 58",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of głupiec"
],
"id": "en-ciemnota-pl-noun-Lwvnz7dL",
"links": [
[
"głupiec",
"głupiec#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Chmielnik) synonym of głupiec"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "bałwan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "baran"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "barania głowa"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "barani łeb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "bezmózg"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "bezmózgowiec"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "bęcwał"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "cep"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ciemniak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ciemnota"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ciołek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "cymbał"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ćwierćinteligent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ćwok"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "debil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "dudek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "dureń"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "dzwoniec"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głąb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głup"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głupek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głupiec"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głupol"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głuptak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głuptas"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głuptasek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "idiota"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "imbecyl"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "jełop"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kapuściana głowa"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kiep"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kołek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kretyn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kurzy móżdżek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "matoł"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "matołek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "młot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "młotek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "osioł"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "pacan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "pajac"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "palant"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "pojeb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "półgłówek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "półgłupek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "półinteligent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "półmózg"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "przygłup"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ptasi móżdżek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tępak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tępota"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tłuczek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tłuk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tłumok"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "trep"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tuman"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "zakuta pała"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "zakuty łeb"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "głupiec"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛmˈnɔ.ta/"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɛmˈnɔ.ta]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔta"
}
],
"word": "ciemnota"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ota",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔta",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔta/3 syllables",
"pl:Collectives",
"pl:Light",
"pl:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "ciemny<id:dark>",
"4": "-ota<id:nominal>",
"id": "backwardness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Indo-European *-otéh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ota\nPolish -ota\nPolish ciemnota",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciemny",
"3": "-ota"
},
"expansion": "ciemny + -ota",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Indo-European *-otéh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ota\nPolish -ota\nPolish ciemnota\nFrom ciemny + -ota.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnota",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnocie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnocie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ciemnota f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧no‧ta"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciem‧no‧ta"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciemno",
"2": "t"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"backwardness, lack of education"
],
"links": [
[
"backwardness",
"backwardness"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"education",
"education"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zacofanie"
},
{
"word": "niedouczenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"uneducated, backward people"
],
"links": [
[
"uneducated",
"uneducated"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) uneducated, backward people"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"darkness, dark (complete or partial absence of light)"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"word": "mrok"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Western Lublin Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of głupiec"
],
"links": [
[
"głupiec",
"głupiec#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Chmielnik) synonym of głupiec"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "bałwan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "baran"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "barania głowa"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "barani łeb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "bezmózg"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "bezmózgowiec"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "bęcwał"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "cep"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ciemniak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ciemnota"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ciołek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "cymbał"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ćwierćinteligent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ćwok"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "debil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "dudek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "dureń"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "dzwoniec"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głąb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głup"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głupek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głupiec"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głupol"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głuptak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głuptas"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "głuptasek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "idiota"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "imbecyl"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "jełop"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kapuściana głowa"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kiep"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kołek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kretyn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "kurzy móżdżek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "matoł"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "matołek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "młot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "młotek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "osioł"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "pacan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "pajac"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "palant"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "pojeb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "półgłówek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "półgłupek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "półinteligent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "półmózg"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "przygłup"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "ptasi móżdżek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tępak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tępota"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tłuczek"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tłuk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tłumok"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "trep"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "tuman"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "zakuta pała"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:głupiec",
"word": "zakuty łeb"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "głupiec"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛmˈnɔ.ta/"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɛmˈnɔ.ta]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔta"
}
],
"word": "ciemnota"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciemnota meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Chmielnik",
"path": [
"ciemnota"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciemnota",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Chmielnik",
"path": [
"ciemnota"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciemnota",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.